Number of U. A duo of husband and wife teams decided to open a stand-alone, drive-thru coffee shop. The franchise offered is to operate an espresso drive-thru branded THE HUMAN BEAN, specializing in the preparation and sale of espresso coffee and related products and services. The Human Bean | 5,592 followers on LinkedIn. but that's the mission at The Human. Entrepreneur magazine ranked Human Bean No. We surround ourselves with great people and give back to the communities that we serve. The Human Bean | 5,112 followers on LinkedIn. The Human Bean. Revenue: $25 to $100 million (USD) Food & Beverage Stores. May 1, 2023. August 17, 2023. 2. The Human Bean | 5,545 followers on LinkedIn. It would be part of. An award-winning coffee franchise that is passionate about creating authentic human connections. Specialties: With a passion for creating happy people and our love of coffee, we opened our first drive-thru espresso stand in Ashland Oregon in 1998. Scooter’s Coffee announced on Oct. and Rewards Members can scan their app to earn points on every purchase. . NaturaLawn of America 38. The Site Analysis Fee is nonrefundable. Baristas at The Human Bean, the very first location in the State of Maryland, will begin pouring coffee and other specialty beverages at 8553 Fort Smallwood Rd in Pasadena on or around Monday, April 24th. with a bean on top! | About The Human Bean With a passion for creating happy human beans and a commitment to developing the very best coffee drive-thru in Southern Oregon, we opened our first drive. An award-winning coffee franchise that is passionate about creating authentic human connections. *. Find a Supplier. #10. The demand for convenient, quality coffee & espresso grew and soon after opening our original location in Ashland, we expanded to surrounding cities in Southern Oregon. Local owners of the. MCALLEN, Texas (ValleyCentral) — The Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation announced the construction of The Human Bean in McAllen. Congrats to one of our great supporters Matt Lockhart, the owner of The Human Bean of Laramie Bean of Laramie, on being named Freshman Franchise Rock. Operations. Certification. Keller in Effingham beginning this Saturday, 11/5. The Human Bean | 4. 501 to 1000 Employees. Early success led to franchising the. Entrepreneur 2022 Top Food Franchise. with a bean on top! | About The Human Bean The Human Bean was founded in 1998 with a commitment to developing the very best coffee drive-thru in Southern Oregon. They would listen. The Human Bean was founded in 1998 with a commitment to developing the very best coffee drive-thru in Southern Oregon. Section II – Estimated Costs. Rating 5 out of 5 . June 20, 2023. {"title":"Accessories","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"phone-pop-up-stand","title":"Phone Pop Up Stand","description":"u003cpu003ePhone Pop-Ups are a. Local owners of the. This is less of a differentiator than it was in the 1990s. Baristas at The Human Bean will begin pouring coffee and other specialty beverages at 2644 Richmond Road beginning this Thursday, July 27th. As a first-time consumer, you may be (pleasantly) surprised to find a chocolate-covered espresso bean atop your drink of choice. Dependency on Skilled Baristas and Staff: The customer experience offered by The Human Bean Franchise relies heavily on their staff, especially skilled baristas. . Competitors: Unknown. We believe there is more to business than profits. Initial franchise fee: $30,000. The demand for convenient, quality coffee & espresso grew and soon after opening our original location in Ashland, we expanded to surrounding cities in Southern Oregon. . The Human Bean quickly. Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD) Database. An award-winning coffee franchise that is passionate about creating authentic human connections. Customers are invited to come get a first taste of the drive-thru’s offerings, including specialty-grade coffee, real-fruit smoothies, whole-leaf teas, and hot breakfast. Opens in a new window. Baristas at The Human Bean will begin pouring coffee and other specialty beverages at 520 Oregon Coast Hwy 101 beginning this Tuesday, June 20th. 304 likes · 1 talking about this. Baristas at The Human Bean will begin pouring coffee and other specialty beverages at 520 Oregon Coast Hwy 101 beginning Tuesday, June 20th. with a bean on top! | About The Human Bean With a passion for creating happy human beans and a commitment to developing the very best coffee drive-thru in Southern Oregon, we opened our first drive. The Human Bean | 5,592 followers on LinkedIn. . Specialties: With a passion for creating happy people and our love of coffee, we opened our first drive-thru espresso stand in Ashland Oregon in 1998. This franchise location is owned and operated by Dave and Doneta Thomason of Thomason Bean Co, LLC. The 2022 Franchise 500 ranks The Human Bean 88 out of 500 top franchises for its outstanding performance in areas including unit growth, financial strength and stability. Dysart Rd. with a bean on top! | About The Human Bean The Human Bean was founded in 1998 with a commitment to developing the very best coffee drive-thru in Southern Oregon. . The demand for convenient, quality coffee & espresso grew and soon after opening our original location in Ashland, we expanded to surrounding cities in Southern Oregon. National coffee franchise that is passionate about creating authentic human connections. To Main Site Apply to get started Why THBThe Human Bean | 5. , Jan. Social media content and reviews management Branding support: signage, cups, merchandise, apparel, stickers, gift cards, and more Branding Marketing is more than. with a bean on top! | About The Human Bean The Human Bean was founded in 1998 with a commitment to developing the very best coffee drive-thru in Southern Oregon. "The Human Bean ranked 298 in the Franchise Times Top 400. Founded in 1998. The Human Bean franchise partners are local leaders who donate their drive-thrus’ proceeds to organizations of their choosing on giveback days. The demand for convenient, quality coffee & espresso grew and soon after opening our original location in Ashland, we expanded to surrounding cities in Southern Oregon. Ranked in the Top 100 of Entrepreneur magazine's Franchise 500 again, multi-brand operators are flocking to The Human Bean's strong unit economics, tech-forward thinking, authentic brand. The Human Bean. The Human Bean Franchise. Very exciting news! Connecting Entrepreneurs With New Franchise Opportunities 1moThe Amazing Spider-Man 2 (internationally titled The Amazing Spider-Man 2: Rise of Electro) is a 2014 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man. Franchise Details: Founded: 1998. Not the usual type of post on this sub, but I can’t think of a better sub to post this. The new Human Bean of Woodland Park is located at 275 E. with a bean on top! | About The Human Bean The Human Bean was founded in 1998 with a commitment to developing the very best coffee drive-thru in Southern Oregon. The Human Bean | 5064 seguidores en LinkedIn. The drive-thru espresso franchise. Customers are invited to get a first taste of the drive-thru’s offerings, including specialty-grade coffee, real-fruit smoothies, whole-leaf teas, and hot. with a bean on top! | About The Human Bean With a passion for creating happy human beans and a commitment to developing the very best coffee drive-thru in Southern Oregon, we opened our first drive. {"title":"Marketing Products","description":"Handouts, Coupons, and More!","products":[{"product_id":"fastcap-lid-decals","title":"FastCap Lid Decals","description. This amount includes the franchise fee and other start-up costs such as the purchase of equipment and supplies. The average cost of a franchise fee is around $30,000, with royalty fees averaging around 5-6% of gross sales. The Human Bean, based out of Medford, Oregon, is a nationwide brand and doesn’t operate like every typical franchise. ” - Laura Stark, Franchise Owner, Texas. Early success led to franchising the. National coffee franchise that is passionate about creating authentic human connections. 2% growth recorded in over 3 years. An award-winning coffee franchise that is passionate about creating authentic human connections. Industry Research. The Human Bean currently has 260 locations open or in development in 21 states throughout the U. The demand for convenient, quality coffee & espresso grew and soon after opening our original location in Ashland, we expanded to surrounding cities in Southern Oregon. I’ve never been to the human bean, and like every coffee place, it was a little pretentious. “The Human Bean has grown to a nation-wide company because we continue to pick and attract the right. S. Customers are invited to come get a first taste of the drive-thru’s offerings, including specialty-grade coffee, real-fruit smoothies, whole-leaf teas, and hot breakfast items to-go. +1 317-384-1362. Store Details. Choosing a selection results in a full page refresh. S. Monday, April 22, 2024. . Franchising Since. Specialties: With a passion for creating happy people and our love of coffee, we opened our first drive-thru espresso stand in Ashland Oregon in 1998. The Human Bean | 5,577 من المتابعين على LinkedIn. Early success led to franchising the. The Human Bean quickly established a reputation for having friendly and. The Franchise Times Top 400 is an exclusive annual ranking of the largest U. The first. A franchise investment range of $346,825 to $835,225. Find a Franchise. The Human Bean. Are you considering investing in the human bean franchise business but not sure how to appreciate it? Don’t worry, you are not alone. "The Human Bean ranked 298 in the Franchise Times Top 400. Specialties: With a passion for creating happy people and our love of coffee, we opened our first drive-thru espresso stand in Ashland Oregon in 1998. . According to FranchiseChatter. Specialties: With a passion for creating happy people and our love of coffee, we opened our first drive-thru espresso stand in Ashland Oregon in 1998. Site Analysis Fee: $5,000. 12, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- The Human Bean has been once again recognized as one of the top 500 franchises in Entrepreneur's 44th Annual Franchise 500. Customers are invited to come get a first taste of the drive-thru’s offerings, including specialty-grade coffee, real-fruit smoothies, whole-leaf teas, and hot breakfast items to-go. This is a good indication of high growth as a company overall. , May 5, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Visitors to The Human Bean website are waking up to a new look and feel this spring. The Human Bean Franchisee should consider the location and size of the property while estimating the real estate costs. The company. Mon - Fri: 8am-5pm (Pacific). The demand for convenient, quality coffee & espresso grew and soon after opening our original location in Ashland, we expanded to surrounding cities in Southern Oregon. Find and sort franchises to access franchise listings. 97 out of the top 500 franchises on Entrepreneur magazine’s Franchise 500, for its outstanding performance in areas including unit growth, financial strength and stability, and brand power. The Human Bean — Franchise. The Human Bean Is Open And Serving Up Smiles In Cheyenne, WY. . . If The Human Bean approves a site and you sign the Franchise Agreement with The Human Bean, the Site Analysis Fee will be applied to the Initial Franchise Fee. For instance, if a comparable coffee franchise company has a price-to-earnings ratio of 20 and The Human Bean franchisee business has an earnings figure of $500,000, the estimated value using this method would be $10 million ($500,000 * 20). Initial Franchise Fee: $30,000. I’ve never been to the human bean, and like every coffee place, it was a little pretentious. Baristas at The Human Bean will begin pouring coffee and other specialty beverages at 406 N. An award-winning coffee franchise that is passionate about creating authentic human connections. In early January 2022, The Human Bean was recognized as one of the Top 100 franchises in Entrepreneur’s Franchise 500, a highly sought-after honor in the franchise industry. total units: 1,051 Total system-wide sales: $602,044,735 Franchise average-unit volume: $609,753 Total average-unit volume: $608,723 Franchise fee: $30,000 Royalty: 6% of monthly gross sales Renewal fee: Currently, half of the current initial franchise fee; and $775 renewal upgrade design. in Green beginning this Friday, February 3rd. The franchise offered is to operate an espresso drive-thru branded THE HUMAN BEAN, specializing in the preparation and sale of espresso coffee and related products and services. Holly-Huntersville Rd. The Human Bean was founded in 1998 with a commitment to developing the very best drive-thru experience for quality coffee, tea & espresso. "The Human Bean ranked 298 in the Franchise Times Top 400. The Human Bean. Customers in Klamath Falls, Oregon get a first taste of The Human Bean. with a bean on top! | About The Human Bean With a passion for creating happy human beans and a commitment to developing the very best coffee drive-thru in Southern Oregon, we opened our first drive. Fuzzy’s Taco Shop 39. Reviews, contact details for The Human Bean, (602) 368-6 . . with a bean on top! | About The Human Bean The Human Bean was founded in 1998 with a commitment to developing the very best coffee drive-thru in Southern Oregon. The franchise fee is $30,000. 380 E Neider Ave. . . There's one more. Specialties: With a passion for creating happy people and our love of coffee, we opened our first drive-thru espresso stand in Ashland Oregon in 1998. Find a Supplier. When hundreds of stores turn into thousands, we will always treat our people like good Human Beans. The company differentiates itself from other. 46% of employees would recommend working at The Human Bean to a friend and 39% have a positive outlook for the business. The Human Bean quickly. Specialties: With a passion for creating happy people and our love of coffee, we opened our first drive-thru espresso stand in Ashland Oregon in 1998. They would make a difference and do right by their customers. . The Human Bean USA, Medford, OR. HOODZ 35. The Human Bean quickly. The Human Bean serves a variety of coffee drinks and also offers a menu of food items. The Human Bean recipes, Human Bean franchise. As of 2018, the company owns and operates 66 franchises in the United States. To that end, we also provide all our franchise partners with guidelines for brand communication, as well as a company-wide. We believe there is more to business than profits. . The Human Bean quickly established a reputation for having friendly and. The Human Bean serves our communities, franchise partners and team members more than just coffee. . If your Franchise Agreement is terminated for your failure to open a drive-thru. The Human Bean quickly. What to know about The Human Bean franchise? The Human Bean is a coffee company that started in Oregon in 1998. The FDD contains detailed information about the franchisor and its franchise business, including the franchise system. The Human Bean currently has 260 locations open or in development in 21 states throughout the U. FAQs. The Human Bean | 4,665 followers on LinkedIn. The Human Bean provides franchising opportunities. Coffee & Tea Classics. , AZ, Phoenix, 6502 N 16th St address, ⌚ opening hours, ☎️ phone number. This will be their sixth The Human Bean location and their third location in the state. 2 out of 5, based on over 128 reviews left anonymously by employees. The Human Bean | 5,509 followers on LinkedIn. Baristas at The Human Bean, the very first location in the State of Maryland, will begin pouring coffee and other specialty beverages at 8553 Fort Smallwood Rd in Pasadena on or. It wouldn’t be just any business. The Human Bean. Local owners of the. The drive-thru espresso franchise. . Entrepreneur’s Franchise 500. Specialties: With a passion for creating happy people and our love of coffee, we opened our first drive-thru espresso stand in Ashland Oregon in 1998. Baristas at The Human Bean will begin pouring coffee and other specialty beverages at 406 N. Drive-thru coffee shop coming to Ashland. 12, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- The Human Bean has been once again recognized as one of the top 500 franchises in Entrepreneur's 44th Annual Franchise 500. with a bean on top! | About The Human Bean The Human Bean was founded in 1998 with a commitment to developing the very best coffee drive-thru in Southern Oregon. Fill out the online application form and a bit about yourself on our website. Franchise fee. Our baristas are doing amazing things at the espresso machine and in their personal lives (like raising families, attending college and volunteering). Imagine if we cheered each other like this! ️The Human Bean Franchise Employee Retention Credit⠀ Rachel Peraza 7mo Earn up to $28K in Employee Retention Credit (ERC) Rachel Peraza 1y. This annual list of the best coffee franchises was revised and updated on April 5, 2023. The Human Bean Coffee Franchise. The Human Bean — Franchise. March 6, 2023. According to Statista, in 2020, the average annual revenue from a Human Bean franchise was estimated at $457,000, with the average start-up cost for acquiring a Human Bean franchise ranging from $150,000 to $500,000. The demand for convenient, quality coffee & espresso grew and soon after opening our original location in Ashland, we expanded to surrounding cities in Southern Oregon. The demand for convenient, quality coffee & espresso grew and soon after opening our original location in Ashland, we expanded to surrounding cities in Southern Oregon. 2. Early success led to franchising the. com . 376 Follower:innen auf LinkedIn. The Human Bean. Specialties: With a passion for creating happy people and our love of coffee, we opened our first drive-thru espresso stand in Ashland Oregon in 1998. Toll Free: 1-888-262-2215. S. Save. Early success led to franchising the. ”. We blend our collective experiences to brew-up a welcoming and rewarding company culture in the world of coffee. Nov 7, 2023 Updated Nov 7, 2023. US franchised units Investment Average Unit Volume; 379: $1,143,000: $797,000: Scooter’s Coffee is an American drive-thru coffeehouse chain with over 500 locations in the US. Baristas at The Human Bean will begin pouring coffee and other specialty beverages at 520 Oregon Coast Hwy 101 beginning this Tuesday, June 20th. The Human Bean Recharge card is a great gift! Purchase one for a friend, family member, co-worker, or yourself. . 623 Rossanley Drive. Franchise Resources. The Human Bean | 5,435 followers on LinkedIn. White Papers. The Human Bean | 5,273 followers on LinkedIn. The Human Bean quickly established a reputation for having friendly and. . Site Analysis Fee: $5,000. with a bean on top! | About The Human Bean The Human Bean was founded in 1998 with a commitment to developing the very best coffee drive-thru in Southern Oregon. Learn more at thehumanbean. . Get in touch if you have specific questions about bringing The Human Bean to your community. May 9, 2023. Add To Request List. . Customers in Klamath Falls, Oregon get a first taste of The Human Bean. The Human Bean quickly. Good for young people who are not as experienced to know there are much better jobs (and more compassionate employers. The Human Bean serves our communities, franchise partners and team members more than just coffee. Early success led to franchising the. The Human Bean Franchise Modular Building. An award-winning coffee franchise that is passionate about creating authentic human connections. Customers are invited to come get a first taste of the drive-thru’s offerings, including specialty-grade coffee, real-fruit smoothies, whole-leaf teas, and hot breakfast item The franchise offered is to operate an espresso drive-thru branded THE HUMAN BEAN, specializing in the preparation and sale of espresso coffee and related products and services. Helping business owners affected by Covid-19 qualify for immediate relief funds, grants, & loans. Obtain And Review The Human Bean Franchise Disclosure Document (Fdd) One of the essential steps in buying/acquiring a franchise business is to obtain and review the Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD) provided by the franchisor. . Specialties: With a passion for creating happy people and our love of coffee, we opened our first drive-thru espresso stand in Ashland Oregon in 1998. Coffee is huge business. . Specialties: With a passion for creating happy people and our love of coffee, we opened our first drive-thru espresso stand in Ashland Oregon in 1998. Customers are invited to come get a first taste of their offerings, including specialty-grade coffee, real-fruit smoothies, whole-leaf teas, and hot breakfast items to-go. The demand for convenient, quality coffee & espresso grew and soon after opening our original location in Ashland, we expanded to surrounding cities in Southern Oregon. Lake Forest, CA 92630-6518. . Specialties: With a passion for creating happy people and our love of coffee, we opened our first drive-thru espresso stand in Ashland Oregon in 1998. The real deal. with a bean on top! | About The Human Bean The Human Bean was founded in 1998 with a commitment to developing the very best coffee drive-thru in Southern Oregon. Franchise Details: Founded: 1998. with a bean on top! | About The Human Bean The Human Bean was founded in 1998 with a commitment to developing the very best coffee drive-thru in Southern Oregon. Blueberry Pomegranate Real Fruit Smoothie. Franchise Inquiry. Baristas at The Human Bean will begin pouring coffee and other specialty beverages at 417 Washington Ave. The Human Bean specializes in the preparation and sale of espresso coffee and related products and services Explore this opportunity now!. 2% growth recorded in over 3 years. Franchise Resources. Early success led to franchising the. The Human Bean | 5,451 followers on LinkedIn. Produced by Columbia Pictures in association with Marvel Entertainment, Arad Productions, Inc. The Human Bean quickly. The total investment necessary to begin operation of. About The Human Bean. , Dumont NJ beginning Wednesday, May 10th. Store Details. The Human Bean, a drive-thru espresso. Please click herefor detailed estimates of The Human Bean franchise costs, based on Item 7 of the company’s 2019 FDD. The largest, most accessible. The Human Bean 32. total units: 1,051 Total system-wide sales: $602,044,735 Franchise average-unit volume: $609,753 Total average-unit volume: $608,723 Franchise fee: $30,000 Royalty: 6% of monthly gross sales Renewal fee: Currently, half of the current initial franchise fee; and $775 renewal upgrade design. The Human Bean | 5,192 followers on LinkedIn. Get help here and now! 1yBaristas at The Human Bean will begin pouring coffee and other specialty beverages at1124 E. For instance, if a comparable coffee franchise company has a price-to-earnings ratio of 20 and The Human Bean franchisee business has an earnings figure of $500,000, the estimated value using this method would be $10 million ($500,000 * 20). 157 in its Top 500 franchiser list in 2017, and it ranked No. 2 out of 5, based on over 128 reviews left anonymously by employees. The Human Bean | 5,543 followers on LinkedIn. S. +1 775-413-3250. 12 Jan, 2023, 14:48 ET. Excellent. They’re also a verified member of the Franchise Registry. Dunn Brothers Coffee It was founded in 1987 in St. MEDFORD, Ore. Based on 2. Specialties: With a passion for creating happy people and our love of coffee, we opened our first drive-thru espresso stand in Ashland Oregon in 1998. An award-winning coffee franchise that is passionate about creating authentic human connections. with a bean on top! | About The Human Bean The Human Bean was founded in 1998 with a commitment to developing the very best coffee drive-thru in Southern Oregon. With a passion for creating happy people and our love of coffee, we opened our first drive-thru espresso stand in Ashland Oregon in 1998. Customers are invited to come to get a first taste of the drive-thru’s offerings, including. The Human Bean franchise CEO, Dan Hawkins, attributes the company’s growth to a community-minded mentality and treating everyone “like a kind human bean. The Human Bean opened its first drive-thru espresso stand in Ashland, Oregon in 1998, and currently supports over 300 locations open or under development in 25 states. And we’d love for you to join us. The Human Bean quickly. Introduction. Customers are invited to come get a first taste of the drive-thru’s offerings, including specialty-grade coffee, real-fruit smoothies, whole-leaf teas, and hot breakfast items. Congratulations to Lauren Karcher, one of our amazing Franchise Partners, who recently received a 2023 Franchise Rockstar Award! ⭐️ Lauren has been a member of The Human Bean family since 2014. The Human Bean quickly. Customers are invited to come get a first taste of the drive-thru’s offerings, including specialty-grade coffee, real-fruit smoothies, whole-leaf teas and hot breakfast items to-go. Companies like Human Bean are perfect for aspiring entrepreneurs—they come with a successful business model, a recognizable brand, and knowledgeable franchisees to help bring your business to life. The Human Bean | 4,759 followers on LinkedIn. The Human Bean Franchise may struggle to capture a significant market share in such a highly competitive landscape. June 30, 2022 | Updated July 1, 2022 9:15 a. National coffee franchise that is passionate about creating authentic human connections. 16 #Unity The power. Reno, NV 89511-8909. What to know about The Human Bean franchise? The Human Bean is a coffee company that started in Oregon in 1998. Early success led to franchising the. The Human Bean is a successful and well-respected drive-thru coffee shop chain. The Human Bean was founded in 1998 with a commitment to developing the very best drive-thru experience for quality coffee, tea & espresso. If The Human Bean approves a site and you sign the Franchise Agreement with The Human. 16. Customers are invited to come get a first taste of the drive-thru. 2021 Request Information The Human Bean was founded in 1998 with a commitment to developing the very best drive-thru experience for quality coffee, tea & espresso. Customers are invited to come get a first taste of the drive-thru’s offerings, including specialty-grade coffee, real-fruit smoothies, whole-leaf teas, and hot breakfast items to-go. with a bean on top! | About The Human Bean The Human Bean was founded in 1998 with a commitment to developing the very best coffee drive-thru in Southern Oregon. Birthday drinks can be toggled on or off for use, and expire within 30 days. The Human Bean. An award-winning coffee franchise that is passionate about creating authentic human connections. We have single and double-sided building designs. An award-winning coffee franchise that is passionate about creating authentic human connections. Baristas at The Human Bean will begin pouring coffee and other specialty beverages at 1713 East Main Street in Kent during a Grand Opening on Saturday, October 15th. . Customers are invited to come get a first taste of the drive-thru’s offerings, including specialty-grade coffee, real-fruit smoothies, whole-leaf teas, and hot breakfast items to-goThe Human Bean | 5,525 followers on LinkedIn. I absolutely love working here. Signage for The Human Bean as seen on Friday, March 27, 2020 at 2007 North Big Spring Street. The demand for convenient, quality coffee & espresso grew and soon after opening our original location in Ashland, we expanded to surrounding cities in Southern Oregon. The Human Bean quickly established a reputation for having friendly and. You feel like family. The Human Bean | 5,435 followers on LinkedIn. Simply select the amount. The Human Bean | 4,773 followers on LinkedIn. The Human Bean Franchise Modular Building. with a bean on top! | About The Human Bean The Human Bean was founded in 1998 with a commitment to developing the very best coffee drive-thru in Southern Oregon. The Oregon-based company will open the first Jacksonville location along Normandy Boulevard in West Jacksonville, plans show. The Human Bean opened its first drive-thru espresso stand in Ashland, Oregon in 1998, and currently supports over 300 locations open or under development in 25 states.